Amblyopia: Advances in Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Management

Amblyopia, commonly known as “lazy eye,” is a neurodevelopmental disorder of vision characterized by reduced best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in one or both eyes that cannot be attributed to any structural abnormality of the eye. It results from abnormal visual experience during the critical period of visual development (birth to ~8 years). Recent research has redefined amblyopia not merely as a monocular deficit but as a binocular cortical disorder, involving suppression, impaired stereopsis, and abnormal neural plasticity.